Ketaksamaan Minkowski

SELAMAT HARI RAYA IDUL FITRI 1443 H

 

Contoh Soal Polinom (Bagian 4)

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 16.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: (m-2)\: \: \textrm{adalah faktor dari}\: \: 2m^{3}+3tm+4,\\ &\textrm{maka nilai}\: \: t\: \: \textrm{adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \displaystyle \frac{10}{3}&&\textrm{d}.\quad -\displaystyle \frac{3}{10}\\\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \displaystyle \frac{1}{3}&\textrm{c}.\quad \displaystyle \frac{3}{10}&\textrm{e}.\quad \color{red}-\displaystyle \frac{10}{3} \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}f(m)&=2m^{3}+3tm+4\\ f(2)&=2(2)^{3}+3t(2)+4\\ 0&=16+6t+4\\ -6t&=20\\ t&=\color{red}-\displaystyle \frac{10}{3} \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 17.&\textrm{(KSM MA Kab/Kota 2015)Nilai terkecil}\: \: n\\ & \textrm{yang mengkin sehingga}\: \: n.(n+1).(n+2)\\\ & \textrm{habis dibagi 24 adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{l}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad 1\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \color{red}2\\ \textrm{c}.\quad 3\\ \textrm{d}.\quad 4 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}k&=\displaystyle \frac{n.(n+1).(n+2)}{24}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{n.(n+1).(n+2)}{2.(2+1).(2+2)}\\ &\textrm{maka}\: \: n=\color{red}2 \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 18.&\textrm{Jika polinom}\: \: f(x)\: \: \textrm{dibagi oleh}\\ &(x-a)(x-b)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: a\neq b\: ,\: \textrm{maka}\\ &\textrm{sisa pembagiannya adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lllllll}\\ &\textrm{a}.\quad \displaystyle \displaystyle \frac{x-a}{a-b}f(a)+\frac{x-a}{b-a}f(b)\\\\ &\textrm{b}.\quad \displaystyle \displaystyle \frac{x-a}{a-b}f(b)+\frac{x-a}{b-a}f(a)\\\\ &\textrm{c}.\quad \displaystyle \displaystyle \color{red}\frac{x-b}{a-b}f(a)+\frac{x-a}{b-a}f(b)\\\\ &\textrm{d}.\quad \displaystyle \displaystyle \frac{x-b}{a-b}f(b)+\frac{x-a}{b-a}f(a)\\\\ &\textrm{e}.\quad \displaystyle \displaystyle \frac{x-a}{b-a}f(b)+\frac{x-a}{b-a}f(a)\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Misal sisa pembagiannya}:\: \color{red}s(x)=px+q\\ &\textrm{Saat}\: \: f(x)\: \: \textrm{dibagi}\: \: (x-a)(x-b)\: \: \textrm{berarti}\\ &\bullet \quad x=a\Rightarrow s(a)=f(a)=ap+q\: ....(1)\\ &\bullet \quad x=b\Rightarrow s(b)=f(b)=bp+q\: ......(2)\\ &\textrm{Persamaan}\: \: (1)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (2)\: \: \textrm{dieliminasi}\\ &\color{blue}\begin{array}{llllllll}\\ ap&+&q&=&f(a)\\ bp&+&q&=&f(b)&-\\\hline ap&-&bp&=&f(a)-f(b)\\ &&p&=&\color{purple}\displaystyle \frac{f(a)-f(b)}{a-b}& \end{array}\\ &\textrm{Dari persamaan}\: \: (1),\\ &f(a)=ap+q\\ &f(a)=a\left ( \displaystyle \frac{f(a)-f(b)}{a-b} \right )+q\\ &q=a\left ( \displaystyle \frac{f(a)-f(b)}{a-b} \right )+f(a)\\ &q=a\left ( \displaystyle \frac{f(a)-f(b)}{a-b} \right )+f(a)\left ( \displaystyle \frac{a-b}{a-b} \right )\\ &q=\displaystyle \frac{-bf(a)-af(b)}{a-b}\\ &\textrm{Sehingga}\\ &s(x)=px+q\\ &\qquad =\left ( \displaystyle \frac{f(a)-f(b)}{a-b} \right )x+\left ( \displaystyle \frac{-bf(a)-af(b)}{a-b} \right )\\ &\qquad =\displaystyle \frac{f(a)x-f(b)x-bf(a)+af(b)}{a-b}\\ &\qquad =\displaystyle \frac{(x-b)f(a)+(a-x)f(b)}{a-b}\\ &\qquad =\displaystyle \frac{x-b}{a-b}f(a)+\frac{a-x}{a-b}f(b)\\ &\qquad =\color{red}\displaystyle \frac{x-b}{a-b}f(a)+\frac{x-a}{b-a}f(b) \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 19.&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: f(x)\: \: \textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: x-2\: \: \textrm{bersisa 5},\\ &\textrm{dan dibagi}\: \: x-3\: \: \textrm{bersisa 7. Jia}\: \: f(x)\: \: \\ &\textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: x^{2}-5x+6\: \: \textrm{akan memiliki sisa}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \displaystyle x-2&&\textrm{d}.\quad \color{red}\displaystyle 2x+1\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \displaystyle 2x-4&\textrm{c}.\quad \displaystyle x+2&\textrm{e}.\quad 2x+3 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\color{blue}\textbf{Alternatif 1}\\ &\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(x-2).h(x)+5\\ f(x)&=(x-3).h(x)+7\\ f(x)&=(x^{2}-5x+6).H(x)+s(x)\\ f(x)&=(x-2)(x-3).H(x)+px+q\\ f(2)&=(2-2)(2-3).H(x)+2p+q=5\\ &\Rightarrow \color{blue}0+2p+q=5\: \color{black}.................(1)\\ f(3)&=(3-2)(3-3).H(x)+3p+q=7\\ &\Rightarrow \color{blue}0+3p+q=7\: \color{black}.................(2)\\ \textrm{Dari}&\: \textrm{persamaan}\: \: (1)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (2)\\ \color{red}\textrm{saat}\: &\color{red}\textrm{persamaan (1) dikurangi persamaan (2)}\\ &\qquad -p=-2\\ &\qquad\: \: \: \: \: \: p=2\\ &\textrm{maka}, \: \: \: q=1\\ &\textrm{Sehingga},\: \: \\ &s(x)=px+q=\color{red}2x+1\end{aligned}\\ &\color{blue}\textbf{Alternatif 2}\\ &\begin{aligned}&f(x)\: \: \textrm{dibagi}\: \: (x-2)\: \: \textrm{sisa}\: \: 5\: \Rightarrow f(2)=5\\ &f(x)\: \: \textrm{dibagi}\: \: (x-3)\: \: \textrm{sisa}\: \: 7\: \Rightarrow f(3)=7\\ &\textrm{maka},\\ &s(x)=\color{red}\displaystyle \frac{x-b}{a-b}f(a)+\frac{x-a}{b-a}f(b)\\ &\qquad =\color{red}\displaystyle \frac{x-3}{2-3}\color{black}(5)\color{red}+\frac{x-2}{3-2}\color{black}(7)\\ &\qquad =\displaystyle \frac{5x-15}{-1}+\frac{7x-14}{1}\\ &\qquad =15-5x+7x-14\\ &\qquad =\color{red}2x+1 \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 20.&\textrm{Polinom}\: \: f(x)\: \: \textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: (2x-4)\: \: \textrm{bersisa 6},\\ &\textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: (x+4)\: \: \textrm{bersisa 24}.\\ &\textrm{Dan polinom}\: \: g(x)\: \: \textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: (2x-4)\: \: \textrm{bersisa 5},\\ & \textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: (x+4)\: \: \textrm{bersisa 2}.\\ &\textrm{Jika}\: \: h(x)=f(x).g(x),\: \: \textrm{maka}\: \: h(x)\\ &\textrm{dibagi}\: \: (2x^{2}+4x-16)\: \: \textrm{akan sisa}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad -3x+24&&\textrm{d}.\quad -6x+36\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \color{red}-3x+36&\textrm{c}.\quad 6x+24&\textrm{e}.\quad 12x+3 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Langkah pertama}\\ &\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(2x-4).h(x)_{1}+6\\ f(x)&=(x+4).h(x)_{2}+24\\ f(x)&=(2x-4)(x+4).H_{1}(x)+p_{1}x+q_{1}\\ &\textrm{Gunakanlah cara sebagai mana}\\ &\textrm{contoh soal No. 12 di atas yang}\\ \color{magenta}\textrm{Alte}&\color{magenta}\textrm{natif 2}\\ \textrm{mak}&\textrm{a}\quad p_{1}x+q_{1}=-3x+12 \end{aligned} \\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Langkah kedua}\\ &\begin{aligned}g(x)&=(2x-4).h(x)_{3}+5\\ g(x)&=(x+4).h(x)_{4}+2\\ g(x)&=(2x-4)(x+4).H_{2}(x)+p_{2}x+q_{2}\\ &\textrm{Gunakanlah cara sebagai mana}\\ &\textrm{contoh soal No. 12 di atas yang}\\ \color{magenta}\textrm{Alte}&\color{magenta}\textrm{natif 2}\\ \textrm{mak}&\textrm{a}\quad p_{2}x+q_{2}=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}x+4 \end{aligned} \\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Langkah ketiga}\\ &\begin{aligned}&h(x)=\color{red}f(x)\times g(x)\\ &=\left ( (2x-4)(x+4)H_{1}(x)+(-3x+12) \right )\\ &\qquad\qquad\qquad \times \left ( (2x-4)(x+4)H_{2}(x)+\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}x+4 \right )\\ &\textrm{maka}\\ &\bullet \quad h(2)=\left ( 0+(-3.2+12) \right )\left ( 0+\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}.2+4 \right )=6.5=30\\ &\bullet \quad h(-4)=\left ( 0+(-3.-4+12) \right )\left ( 0+\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}.-4+4 \right )=24.2=48\\ &\textrm{Dengan pembagi}\: \: 2x^{2}+x-16,\: \textrm{maka sisanya}:\: s_{3}(x)=p_{3}x+q_{3}\\ &\textrm{saat}\: \: x=2\qquad \Rightarrow 2p+q=30\\ &\textrm{saat}\: \: x=-4\: \: \Rightarrow -4p+q=48\\ &\textrm{selanjutnya dengan eliminasi-substitusi diperoleh}\: \: p=-3,\: q=36\\ &\textrm{sehingga}\: \: s(x)=px+q=\color{red}-3x+36 \end{aligned} \end{array}$

Contoh Soal Polinom (Bagian 3)

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 11.&\textrm{Jika polinom}\: \: 2x^{3}+7x^{2}+ax-3\\  &\textrm{mempunyai faktor}\: \: 2x-1,\: \textrm{maka}\\ &\textrm{faktor linear lainnya adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad (x-3)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x+1)&&\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  \color{red}(x+3)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x+1)&&\\ \textrm{c}.\quad  (x+3)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x-1)\\ \textrm{d}.\quad  (x-3)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x-1)\\ \textrm{e}.\quad  (x+2)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x-6) \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{array}{|l|}\hline  \begin{aligned} &\textrm{Perhatikan uraian berikut}\\ &\displaystyle \frac{2x^{3}+7x^{2}+2x-3}{(2x-1)}\\ \end{aligned}\\\\ \begin{array}{l|lll}\: \: \: \textbf{pembagi}&\quad \color{red}x^{2}+4x+3\quad \color{blue}\textbf{hasil}&\color{blue}\textbf{bagi}\\ \hline \quad 2x-1&2x^{3}+7x^{2}+2x-3&\\ &2x^{3}-x^{2}&-\\\hline &\: \: \:   \qquad 8x^{2}+2x-3&\\ &\: \: \:  \qquad 8x^{2}-4x&- \\\hline &\: \: \qquad\qquad\quad 6x-3\\ &\: \: \qquad\qquad\quad 6x-3&-\\\hline \qquad\textbf{Sisa}&\qquad\qquad\qquad 0& (\textbf{habis}) \end{array}\\\\ \begin{aligned}\therefore \qquad f(x)&=2x^{3}+7x^{2}+2x-3\\ &=(2x-1)(x^{2}+4x+3)\\ &=(2x-1)\color{red}(x+1)(x+3) \end{aligned}\\\hline \end{array} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 12.&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: g(x)=2x^{3}+ax^{2}+bx+6\\  &h(x)=x^{2}+x-6\: \: \textrm{adalah faktor dari}\\ &g(x)\: ,\: \textrm{Nilai}\: \: a\: \: \textrm{yang memenuhi adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad -3&&\textrm{d}.\quad 2\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  -1&\textrm{c}.\quad  1&\textrm{e}.\quad \color{red}5 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: g(x)=2x^{3}+ax^{2}+bx+6\\ &\textrm{dengan pembagi}\: \: h(x)=x^{2}+x-6\\ &\Leftrightarrow \: \: h(x)=(x+3)(x-2)\\ &\textrm{Hal ini artinya}\\ &g(-3)=2(-3)^{3}+a(-3)^{2}+b(-3)+6\\ &\: \: \: \qquad =-54+9a-3b+6=0\: ....(1)\\ &g(2)=2(2)^{3}+a(2)^{2}+b(2)+6\\ &\: \: \: \: \quad =16+4a+2b+6=0\: ..........(2)\\ &\textrm{Dengan mengeliminasi persamaan}\\ &(1)\: \: \textrm{dengan persamaan}\: \: (2),\: \textrm{maka}\\ & \end{aligned}\\ &\begin{array}{llllll} g(-3)&=&9a-3b&=&48\\ g(2)&=&4a+2b&=&-22&\\\hline (x2)&&18a-6b&=&96\\ (x3)&&12a+6b&=&-66&+\\\hline &&6a&=&30\\ &&\quad\qquad a&=&5 \end{array} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 13.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: f(x)=(x-1)(x+1)(x-2)\\ &\textrm{maka berikut yang bukan faktor}\\ &f(-x)\: \: \textrm{adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad (x-1)&&\textrm{d}.\quad (x+2)\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  (x+1)&\textrm{c}.\quad  \color{red}(x-2)&\textrm{e}.\quad (1-x) \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: f(x)=(x-1)(x+1)(x-2)\\ &\Leftrightarrow f(-x)=(-x-1)(-x+1)(-x-2)\\ &\Leftrightarrow f(-x)=(x+1)(-x+1)(x+2)\\ &\textrm{atau}\\ &\Leftrightarrow f(-x)=(-x-1)(x-1)(x+2)\\ &\textrm{atau}\\ &\Leftrightarrow f(-x)=(x+1)(x-1)(-x-2)\\ &\textrm{Perhatikan bahwa faktor}\\ &(x-2)\: \: \textrm{tidak akan pernah ada} \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 14.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: n\: \: \textrm{merupakan bilangan bulat }\\ &\textrm{positif, pernyataan berikut ini}\\ &\textrm{yang benar adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad x^{n}+1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x+1)&&\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  x^{n}+1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x-1)&&\\ \textrm{c}.\quad  x^{n}-1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x+1)\\ \textrm{d}.\quad  \color{red}x^{n}-1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x-1)\\ \textrm{e}.\quad  x^{n}+1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x+2) \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Alternatif 1}\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Perhatikan bahwa}\\ &\bullet \quad x^{n}+1=(x+1)(x^{n-1}+1)-x(x^{n-2}+1)\\ &\bullet \quad x^{n}-1=\color{red}(x-1)\color{black}(x^{n-1}+x^{n-2}+\cdots +x+1) \end{aligned}\\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Alternatif 2}\\ &\begin{aligned}&\begin{array}{|c|c|l|}\hline \textrm{Polinom}&\textrm{Pembagi}&\textrm{Hasil dengan}\: \: n\: \: \textrm{positif}\\\hline x^{n}+1&x+1&f(-1)=(-1)^{n}+1=....\\\hline x^{n}+1&x-1&f(1)=(1)^{n}+1=2\\\hline x^{n}-1&x+1&f(-1)=(-1)^{n}-1=-2\\\hline x^{n}-1&\color{red}x-1&\color{red}f(1)=(1)^{n}-1=0\\\hline x^{n}+1&x+2&f(-2)=(-2)^{n}+1\neq 0\\\hline \end{array}\\ &\textrm{Sebagai catatan bahwa saat}\: \: \: \displaystyle \frac{x^{n}+1}{x+1}=....\\ &\bullet \quad\textrm{ketika}\: \: n=\textrm{ganjil, maka}\: \displaystyle \frac{x^{n}+1}{x+1}=0,\: \textrm{tetapi}\\ &\bullet \quad \textrm{ketika}\: \: n=\textrm{genap, maka}\: \displaystyle \frac{x^{n}+1}{x+1}\neq 0 \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 15.&\textrm{Jika salah satu akar dari polinom}\\ &\: \: x^{3}+4x^{2}+x-6=0\: \: \textrm{adalah}\: \: x=1,\\  &\textrm{maka akar-akar yang lain adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad 2\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 3&&\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  -3\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 2&&\\ \textrm{c}.\quad  -2\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 3\\ \textrm{d}.\quad  \color{red}-3\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: -2\\ \textrm{e}.\quad  1\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: \displaystyle \frac{3}{2} \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{array}{|l|}\hline  \begin{aligned} &\textrm{Perhatikan uraian berikut}\\ &\displaystyle \frac{x^{3}+4x^{2}+x-6}{(x-1)}\\ \end{aligned}\\\\ \begin{array}{l|lll}\: \: \: \textbf{pembagi}&\quad \color{red}x^{2}+5x+6\quad \color{blue}\textbf{hasil}&\color{blue}\textbf{bagi}\\ \hline \quad x-1&x^{3}+4x^{2}+x-6&\\ &x^{3}-x^{2}&-\\\hline &\: \: \:   \qquad 5x^{2}+x-6&\\ &\: \: \:  \qquad 5x^{2}-5x&- \\\hline &\: \: \qquad\qquad\quad 6x-6\\ &\: \: \qquad\qquad\quad 6x-6&-\\\hline \qquad\textbf{Sisa}&\qquad\qquad\qquad 0& (\textbf{habis}) \end{array}\\\\ \begin{aligned}\therefore \qquad f(x)&=x^{3}+4x^{2}+x-6\\ &=(x-1)(x^{2}+5x+6)\\ &=(x-1)\color{red}(x+2)(x+3) \end{aligned}\\\hline \end{array} \end{array}$

Contoh Soal Polinom (Bagian 2)

 $\begin{array}{ll}\\ 6.&\textrm{Diketahui bahwa}\\ &\displaystyle \frac{f(x)}{x-2}=h(x)+\displaystyle \frac{3}{x-2}\\ &\textrm{dan}\: \: \displaystyle \frac{f(x)}{x-1}=h(x)+\displaystyle \frac{2}{x-1}\: ,\\ &\textrm{jika}\: \: \displaystyle \frac{f(x)}{(x-2)(x-1)}=h(x)+\displaystyle \frac{s(x)}{(x-2)(x-1)},\\ &\textrm{maka}\: \: s(x)=....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \color{red}x+1&&\textrm{d}.\quad 2x-1\\ \textrm{b}.\quad x+2&\textrm{c}.\quad 2x+1&\textrm{e}.\quad x-2\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\displaystyle \frac{f(x)}{x-2}=h(x)+\displaystyle \frac{3}{x-2}\\ &\Rightarrow f(x)=(x-2).h(x)+3\Rightarrow f(2)=3\\ &\displaystyle \frac{f(x)}{x-1}=h(x)+\displaystyle \frac{2}{x-1}\\ &\Rightarrow f(x)=(x-1).h(x)+2\Rightarrow f(1)=2\\ &\displaystyle \frac{f(x)}{(x-2)(x-1)}=h(x)+\displaystyle \frac{s(x)}{(x-2)(x-1)}\\ &\textrm{maka}\: \: \: f(x)=(x-2)(x-1).h(x)+s(x)\\ &f(x)=(x-2)(x-1).h(x)+px+q\\ &f(2)=2p+q=3\\ &f(1)=p+q=2,\\ &\textrm{sehingga dengan }\: \textrm{eliminasi akan diperoleh}\\ p&=1\quad \textrm{dan}\\ &q=1\\ &\textrm{Jadi},\quad px+q=\color{red}x+1 \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 7.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: x^{4}+2mx-n\: \: \textrm{dibagi}\: \: x^{2}-1\\ &\textrm{bersisa}\: \: 2x-1\: ,\textrm{maka nilai}\: \: m\\ &\textrm{dan}\: \: n\: \: \textrm{adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad m=-1\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: n=2\\ \textrm{b}.\quad m=1\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: n=-2\\ \textrm{c}.\quad \color{red}m=1\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: \color{red}n=2\\ \textrm{d}.\quad m=-1\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: n=-2\\ \textrm{e}.\quad m=-2\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: n=1\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\textrm{dengan Horner-Kino didapatkan} \end{array}$

$.\qquad\begin{cases} \textrm{Suku banyak}: & f(x)=x^{4}+2mx-n \\ \textrm{Pembagai}: & p(x)=(x-1)(x+1)=x^{2}-1 \\ &: 1\: \: \textrm{dari}\: -\frac{-1}{1},\: \: \textrm{sedang}\: \: 0=-\left ( \frac{0}{1} \right )\\ \textrm{Hasil bagi}:&h(x)=x^{2}+1\\ \textrm{Sisa bagi}:&s(x)=2mx+(1-n)=2x-1 \end{cases}$

$.\qquad \begin{aligned}&\textrm{Sehingga},\\ &\bullet \quad 2m=2\Rightarrow m=\color{red}1\\ &\bullet \quad 1-n=-1\Rightarrow n=\color{red}2 \end{aligned}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 8.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: f(x)=x^{4}-kx^{2}+5\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\\ &(x-1)\: \: \textrm{maka}\: \: f(x)\: \: \textrm{juga habis dibagi oleh}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \color{red}x+1&&\textrm{d}.\quad x+5\\ \textrm{b}.\quad 2x+1&\textrm{c}.\quad 3x+1&\textrm{e}.\quad 2x+5 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}f(x)&=x^{4}-kx^{2}+5\\ f(1)&=(1)^{4}-k(1)^{2}+5\\ 0&=1-k+5\\ k&=6\\ f(x)&=x^{4}-6x^{2}+5\\ &=(x^{2}-1)(x^{2}-5)\\ &=(x-1)\color{red}(x+1)\color{black}(x^{2}-5) \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 9.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: x^{3}-12x+k\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi oleh}\\  &(x-2)\: \: \textrm{maka polinom tersebut juga }\\ &\textrm{akan dibagi habis oleh}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad x-1&&\textrm{d}.\quad x+2\\ \textrm{b}.\quad x-3&\textrm{c}.\quad x+1&\textrm{e}.\quad \color{red}x+4 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}\textrm{Misal}&\: \: f(x)=\color{blue}x^{3}-12x+k\\ \textrm{Saat}\: &f(2)=0\: \: (f(x)\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x-2))\\ f(2)&=2^{3}-12.2+k=0\Leftrightarrow k=16\\ \textrm{Sehin}&\textrm{gga}\: \: f(x)=x^{3}-12x+16\\ \textrm{Deng}&\textrm{an teorema faktor, yang mungkin}\\ \textrm{adala}&\textrm{h}\: \: 16=\pm 1,\pm 2,\pm 4,\pm 8,\pm 16\\ \textrm{Deng}&\textrm{an substitusi akan diperoleh}\\ f(-4)&=(-4)^{3}-12(-4)+16=0\\ \textrm{maka}&\: \: \color{red}x+4\: \: \color{black}\textrm{termasuk faktornya juga} \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$.\: \qquad\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \textbf{Catatan}:\\\\ \begin{aligned} &\textrm{Perhatikan uraian berikut}\\ &\displaystyle \frac{x^{3}-12x+16}{(x-2)\color{red}(x+4)}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{x^{3}-12x+16}{x^{2}+2x-8}\\ \end{aligned}\\\\ \begin{array}{l|lll}\: \: \: \textbf{pembagi}&\quad \color{red}x-2\qquad \color{blue}\textbf{hasil}&\color{blue}\textbf{bagi}\\ \hline x^{2}+2x-8&x^{3}-12x+16&\\ &x^{3}+2x^{2}-8x&-\\\hline &-2x^{2}-4x+16&\\ &-2x^{2}-4x+16&-\\\hline \qquad\textbf{Sisa}&\qquad\qquad 0& (\textbf{habis}) \end{array}\\\\ \begin{aligned}\therefore \qquad f(x)&=x^{3}-12x+16\\ &=(x-2)^{2}\color{red}(x+4) \end{aligned}\\\hline \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 10.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: (x-2)\: \: \textrm{adalah faktor dari}\\  &f(x)=2x^{3}+ax^{2}+7x+6,\\ &\textrm{maka akar lainnya adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad x+3&&\textrm{d}.\quad 2x-3\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \color{red}x-3&\textrm{c}.\quad x-1&\textrm{e}.\quad 2x+3 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}\textrm{Misal}&\: \: f(x)=\color{blue}2x^{3}+ax^{2}+7x+6\\ \textrm{Saat}\: &f(2)=0\: \: (f(x)\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x-2))\\ f(2)&=2.2^{3}+a.2^{2}+7.2+6=0\Leftrightarrow a=-9\\ \textrm{Sehin}&\textrm{gga}\: \: f(x)=2x^{3}-9x^{2}+7x+6\\ \textrm{Deng}&\textrm{an teorema faktor, yang mungkin}\\ \textrm{adala}&\textrm{h}\: \: \displaystyle \frac{6}{2}=\pm 1,\pm 2,\pm 3\\ \textrm{Deng}&\textrm{an substitusi akan diperoleh}\\ f(3)&=2(3)^{3}-9(3)+7.3+6=0\\ \textrm{maka}&\: \: \color{red}x-3\: \: \color{black}\textrm{termasuk faktornya juga} \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$.\: \qquad\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \textbf{Catatan}:\\\\ \begin{aligned} &\textrm{Perhatikan uraian berikut}\\ &\displaystyle \frac{2x^{3}-9x^{2}+7x+6}{(x-2)\color{red}(x-3)}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{2x^{3}-9x^{2}+7x+6}{x^{2}-5x+6}\\ \end{aligned}\\\\ \begin{array}{l|lll}\: \: \: \textbf{pembagi}&\quad \color{red}2x+1\qquad \color{blue}\textbf{hasil}&\color{blue}\textbf{bagi}\\ \hline x^{2}-5x+6&2x^{3}-9x^{2}+7x+6&\\ &2x^{3}-10x^{2}+12x&-\\\hline &\: \: \: \: \: \qquad x^{2}-5x+6&\\ &\: \: \: \: \: \qquad x^{2}-5x+6&-\\\hline \qquad\textbf{Sisa}&\qquad\qquad 0& (\textbf{habis}) \end{array}\\\\ \begin{aligned}\therefore \qquad f(x)&=2x^{3}-9x^{2}+7x+6\\ &=\color{red}(2x+1)\color{black}(x-2)\color{red}(x-3) \end{aligned}\\\hline \end{array}$.

Contoh Soal Polinom (Bagian 1)

 $\begin{array}{ll}\\ 1.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: g(x)=2x^{3}+x^{2}-x+1,\\ &\textrm{maka}\: \: g(1)=....\: \: \\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad -2&&\textrm{d}.\quad 2\\ \textrm{b}.\quad -1&\textrm{c}.\quad 1&\textrm{e}.\quad \color{red}3 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}g(x)&=2x^{3}+x^{2}-x+1\\ g(1)&=2(1)^{3}+(1)^{2}-(1)+1\\ &=2+1-1+1\\ &=\color{red}3 \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 2.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: p(y)=5y^{4}+2r^{2}y^{3}+y^{2}+1\: \: \textrm{dan}\\ & q(y)=4y^{5}+3ry^{2}-3y-1\: \: \\ &\textrm{serta}\: \: p(-1)=q(-1),\: \: \textrm{maka nilai}\: \: r\\ & \textrm{sama dengan}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 3&&\textrm{d}.\quad -\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \displaystyle -\frac{3}{2}\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 3&\textrm{c}.\quad \color{red}\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: -3&\textrm{e}.\quad 3 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}p(-1)&=q(-1)\\ 5(-1)^{4}+2r^{2}(-1)^{3}+(-1)^{2}+1&=4(-1)^{5}+3r(-1)^{2}-3(-1)-1\\ 5-2r^{2}+1+1&=-4+3r+3-1\\ 9-3r-2r^{2}&=0\\ \displaystyle \frac{(-6-2r)(-3+2r)}{2}&=0,\qquad \textrm{ingat pemfaktoran}\\ (-3-r)(-3+2r)&=0\\ r=-3\quad \vee \quad r&=\displaystyle \frac{3}{2} \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 3.&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: f(x)\: \: \textrm{berderajat}\: \: n.\\ &\textrm{Jika pembaginya berbentuk}\: \: \left ( ax^{2}+bx+c \right ),\\ &\textrm{dengan}\: \: a\neq 0,\: \: \textrm{maka hasil baginya berderajat}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad n-1&&\textrm{d}.\quad 3\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \color{red}n-2&\textrm{c}.\quad n-3&\textrm{e}.\quad 2 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Suku banyak (polinom)}\\ &=\textrm{pembagi}\times \textrm{hasil bagi}+\textrm{sisa}\\ &x^{n}+...=\left ( ax^{2}+bx+c \right )\times \color{red}\left ( x^{n-2}+... \right )\color{black}+\left (mx+n \right ) \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 4.&\textrm{Hasil bagi dan sisanya jika}\: \: \left (6x^{4}-3x^{2}+x-1 \right )\\ & \textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: \left ( 2x-1 \right )\: \: \textrm{adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \color{red}3x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x+\frac{1}{8}&\textrm{dan}&\color{red}-\displaystyle \frac{7}{8}\\ \textrm{b}.\quad 3x^{3}+3x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x+1&\textrm{dan}&-7\\ \textrm{c}.\quad x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-3x+\frac{1}{8}&\textrm{dan}&\displaystyle \frac{7}{8}\\ \textrm{d}.\quad x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x+1&\textrm{dan}&\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}\\ \textrm{e}.\quad 3x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x-\frac{1}{8}&\textrm{dan}&-\displaystyle \frac{7}{8} \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\begin{array}{rr|rrrrrrr} \color{blue}x=\frac{1}{2}&&6&0&-3&1&-1\\ &&&3&\frac{3}{2}&-\frac{3}{4}&\frac{1}{8}&+&\\\hline &&6&3&-\frac{3}{2}&\frac{1}{4}&\color{red}\boxed{-\frac{7}{8}} \end{array}\\ &\textrm{Selanjutnya}\\ &\begin{cases} \textrm{Hasil bagi}: & \displaystyle \frac{6x^{3}+3x^{2}-\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}}{2}\\ &=\color{red}3x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x+\displaystyle \frac{1}{8} \\ & \\ \textrm{Sisa bagi}: & -\displaystyle \frac{7}{8} \end{cases} \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 5.&\textrm{Hasil bagi dan sisanya jika}\: \: \left (x^{4}-x^{3}-x^{2}+x-1 \right )\\ &\textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: \left ( x-2 \right )\left ( x+1 \right )\: \: \textrm{adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \color{red}x^{2}+1&\textrm{dan}&\color{red}2x+1\\ \textrm{b}.\quad x^{2}+1&\textrm{dan}&2x-1\\ \textrm{c}.\quad x^{2}-1&\textrm{dan}&2x+1\\ \textrm{d}.\quad x^{2}-1&\textrm{dan}&2x-1\\ \textrm{e}.\quad 2x^{2}-1&\textrm{dan}&x+1\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\textrm{Dengan cara}\: \: \textbf{Horner-Kino}\: \: \textrm{diperoleh} \end{array}$

$.\qquad\begin{cases} \textrm{Suku banyak}: & f(x)=x^{4}-x^{3}-x^{2}+x-1 \\ \textrm{Pembagai}: & p(x)=(x-2)(x+1)=x^{2}-x-2 \\ &: 2\: \: \textrm{dari}\: -\frac{-2}{1},\: \: \textrm{sedang}\: \: 1=-\left ( \frac{-1}{1} \right )\\ \textrm{Hasil bagi}:&h(x)=x^{2}+1\\ \textrm{Sisa bagi}:&s(x)=2x+1 \end{cases}$

$\qquad\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Sehingga},\\ &x^{4}-x^{3}-x^{2}+x-1\\ &\qquad =\color{red}\left ( x^{2}-x-2 \right )\left ( x^{2}+1 \right )+2x+1 \end{aligned}$