Contoh Soal Polinom (Bagian 3)

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 11.&\textrm{Jika polinom}\: \: 2x^{3}+7x^{2}+ax-3\\  &\textrm{mempunyai faktor}\: \: 2x-1,\: \textrm{maka}\\ &\textrm{faktor linear lainnya adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad (x-3)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x+1)&&\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  \color{red}(x+3)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x+1)&&\\ \textrm{c}.\quad  (x+3)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x-1)\\ \textrm{d}.\quad  (x-3)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x-1)\\ \textrm{e}.\quad  (x+2)\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: (x-6) \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{array}{|l|}\hline  \begin{aligned} &\textrm{Perhatikan uraian berikut}\\ &\displaystyle \frac{2x^{3}+7x^{2}+2x-3}{(2x-1)}\\ \end{aligned}\\\\ \begin{array}{l|lll}\: \: \: \textbf{pembagi}&\quad \color{red}x^{2}+4x+3\quad \color{blue}\textbf{hasil}&\color{blue}\textbf{bagi}\\ \hline \quad 2x-1&2x^{3}+7x^{2}+2x-3&\\ &2x^{3}-x^{2}&-\\\hline &\: \: \:   \qquad 8x^{2}+2x-3&\\ &\: \: \:  \qquad 8x^{2}-4x&- \\\hline &\: \: \qquad\qquad\quad 6x-3\\ &\: \: \qquad\qquad\quad 6x-3&-\\\hline \qquad\textbf{Sisa}&\qquad\qquad\qquad 0& (\textbf{habis}) \end{array}\\\\ \begin{aligned}\therefore \qquad f(x)&=2x^{3}+7x^{2}+2x-3\\ &=(2x-1)(x^{2}+4x+3)\\ &=(2x-1)\color{red}(x+1)(x+3) \end{aligned}\\\hline \end{array} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 12.&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: g(x)=2x^{3}+ax^{2}+bx+6\\  &h(x)=x^{2}+x-6\: \: \textrm{adalah faktor dari}\\ &g(x)\: ,\: \textrm{Nilai}\: \: a\: \: \textrm{yang memenuhi adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad -3&&\textrm{d}.\quad 2\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  -1&\textrm{c}.\quad  1&\textrm{e}.\quad \color{red}5 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: g(x)=2x^{3}+ax^{2}+bx+6\\ &\textrm{dengan pembagi}\: \: h(x)=x^{2}+x-6\\ &\Leftrightarrow \: \: h(x)=(x+3)(x-2)\\ &\textrm{Hal ini artinya}\\ &g(-3)=2(-3)^{3}+a(-3)^{2}+b(-3)+6\\ &\: \: \: \qquad =-54+9a-3b+6=0\: ....(1)\\ &g(2)=2(2)^{3}+a(2)^{2}+b(2)+6\\ &\: \: \: \: \quad =16+4a+2b+6=0\: ..........(2)\\ &\textrm{Dengan mengeliminasi persamaan}\\ &(1)\: \: \textrm{dengan persamaan}\: \: (2),\: \textrm{maka}\\ & \end{aligned}\\ &\begin{array}{llllll} g(-3)&=&9a-3b&=&48\\ g(2)&=&4a+2b&=&-22&\\\hline (x2)&&18a-6b&=&96\\ (x3)&&12a+6b&=&-66&+\\\hline &&6a&=&30\\ &&\quad\qquad a&=&5 \end{array} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 13.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: f(x)=(x-1)(x+1)(x-2)\\ &\textrm{maka berikut yang bukan faktor}\\ &f(-x)\: \: \textrm{adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad (x-1)&&\textrm{d}.\quad (x+2)\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  (x+1)&\textrm{c}.\quad  \color{red}(x-2)&\textrm{e}.\quad (1-x) \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: f(x)=(x-1)(x+1)(x-2)\\ &\Leftrightarrow f(-x)=(-x-1)(-x+1)(-x-2)\\ &\Leftrightarrow f(-x)=(x+1)(-x+1)(x+2)\\ &\textrm{atau}\\ &\Leftrightarrow f(-x)=(-x-1)(x-1)(x+2)\\ &\textrm{atau}\\ &\Leftrightarrow f(-x)=(x+1)(x-1)(-x-2)\\ &\textrm{Perhatikan bahwa faktor}\\ &(x-2)\: \: \textrm{tidak akan pernah ada} \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 14.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: n\: \: \textrm{merupakan bilangan bulat }\\ &\textrm{positif, pernyataan berikut ini}\\ &\textrm{yang benar adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad x^{n}+1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x+1)&&\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  x^{n}+1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x-1)&&\\ \textrm{c}.\quad  x^{n}-1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x+1)\\ \textrm{d}.\quad  \color{red}x^{n}-1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x-1)\\ \textrm{e}.\quad  x^{n}+1\: \: \textrm{habis dibagi}\: \: (x+2) \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Alternatif 1}\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Perhatikan bahwa}\\ &\bullet \quad x^{n}+1=(x+1)(x^{n-1}+1)-x(x^{n-2}+1)\\ &\bullet \quad x^{n}-1=\color{red}(x-1)\color{black}(x^{n-1}+x^{n-2}+\cdots +x+1) \end{aligned}\\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Alternatif 2}\\ &\begin{aligned}&\begin{array}{|c|c|l|}\hline \textrm{Polinom}&\textrm{Pembagi}&\textrm{Hasil dengan}\: \: n\: \: \textrm{positif}\\\hline x^{n}+1&x+1&f(-1)=(-1)^{n}+1=....\\\hline x^{n}+1&x-1&f(1)=(1)^{n}+1=2\\\hline x^{n}-1&x+1&f(-1)=(-1)^{n}-1=-2\\\hline x^{n}-1&\color{red}x-1&\color{red}f(1)=(1)^{n}-1=0\\\hline x^{n}+1&x+2&f(-2)=(-2)^{n}+1\neq 0\\\hline \end{array}\\ &\textrm{Sebagai catatan bahwa saat}\: \: \: \displaystyle \frac{x^{n}+1}{x+1}=....\\ &\bullet \quad\textrm{ketika}\: \: n=\textrm{ganjil, maka}\: \displaystyle \frac{x^{n}+1}{x+1}=0,\: \textrm{tetapi}\\ &\bullet \quad \textrm{ketika}\: \: n=\textrm{genap, maka}\: \displaystyle \frac{x^{n}+1}{x+1}\neq 0 \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 15.&\textrm{Jika salah satu akar dari polinom}\\ &\: \: x^{3}+4x^{2}+x-6=0\: \: \textrm{adalah}\: \: x=1,\\  &\textrm{maka akar-akar yang lain adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad 2\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 3&&\\ \textrm{b}.\quad  -3\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 2&&\\ \textrm{c}.\quad  -2\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 3\\ \textrm{d}.\quad  \color{red}-3\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: -2\\ \textrm{e}.\quad  1\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: \displaystyle \frac{3}{2} \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{array}{|l|}\hline  \begin{aligned} &\textrm{Perhatikan uraian berikut}\\ &\displaystyle \frac{x^{3}+4x^{2}+x-6}{(x-1)}\\ \end{aligned}\\\\ \begin{array}{l|lll}\: \: \: \textbf{pembagi}&\quad \color{red}x^{2}+5x+6\quad \color{blue}\textbf{hasil}&\color{blue}\textbf{bagi}\\ \hline \quad x-1&x^{3}+4x^{2}+x-6&\\ &x^{3}-x^{2}&-\\\hline &\: \: \:   \qquad 5x^{2}+x-6&\\ &\: \: \:  \qquad 5x^{2}-5x&- \\\hline &\: \: \qquad\qquad\quad 6x-6\\ &\: \: \qquad\qquad\quad 6x-6&-\\\hline \qquad\textbf{Sisa}&\qquad\qquad\qquad 0& (\textbf{habis}) \end{array}\\\\ \begin{aligned}\therefore \qquad f(x)&=x^{3}+4x^{2}+x-6\\ &=(x-1)(x^{2}+5x+6)\\ &=(x-1)\color{red}(x+2)(x+3) \end{aligned}\\\hline \end{array} \end{array}$