Contoh Soal Polinom (Bagian 1)

 $\begin{array}{ll}\\ 1.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: g(x)=2x^{3}+x^{2}-x+1,\\ &\textrm{maka}\: \: g(1)=....\: \: \\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad -2&&\textrm{d}.\quad 2\\ \textrm{b}.\quad -1&\textrm{c}.\quad 1&\textrm{e}.\quad \color{red}3 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}g(x)&=2x^{3}+x^{2}-x+1\\ g(1)&=2(1)^{3}+(1)^{2}-(1)+1\\ &=2+1-1+1\\ &=\color{red}3 \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 2.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: p(y)=5y^{4}+2r^{2}y^{3}+y^{2}+1\: \: \textrm{dan}\\ & q(y)=4y^{5}+3ry^{2}-3y-1\: \: \\ &\textrm{serta}\: \: p(-1)=q(-1),\: \: \textrm{maka nilai}\: \: r\\ & \textrm{sama dengan}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 3&&\textrm{d}.\quad -\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \displaystyle -\frac{3}{2}\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: 3&\textrm{c}.\quad \color{red}\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\: \: \textrm{dan}\: \: -3&\textrm{e}.\quad 3 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}p(-1)&=q(-1)\\ 5(-1)^{4}+2r^{2}(-1)^{3}+(-1)^{2}+1&=4(-1)^{5}+3r(-1)^{2}-3(-1)-1\\ 5-2r^{2}+1+1&=-4+3r+3-1\\ 9-3r-2r^{2}&=0\\ \displaystyle \frac{(-6-2r)(-3+2r)}{2}&=0,\qquad \textrm{ingat pemfaktoran}\\ (-3-r)(-3+2r)&=0\\ r=-3\quad \vee \quad r&=\displaystyle \frac{3}{2} \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 3.&\textrm{Diketahui}\: \: f(x)\: \: \textrm{berderajat}\: \: n.\\ &\textrm{Jika pembaginya berbentuk}\: \: \left ( ax^{2}+bx+c \right ),\\ &\textrm{dengan}\: \: a\neq 0,\: \: \textrm{maka hasil baginya berderajat}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad n-1&&\textrm{d}.\quad 3\\ \textrm{b}.\quad \color{red}n-2&\textrm{c}.\quad n-3&\textrm{e}.\quad 2 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Suku banyak (polinom)}\\ &=\textrm{pembagi}\times \textrm{hasil bagi}+\textrm{sisa}\\ &x^{n}+...=\left ( ax^{2}+bx+c \right )\times \color{red}\left ( x^{n-2}+... \right )\color{black}+\left (mx+n \right ) \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 4.&\textrm{Hasil bagi dan sisanya jika}\: \: \left (6x^{4}-3x^{2}+x-1 \right )\\ & \textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: \left ( 2x-1 \right )\: \: \textrm{adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \color{red}3x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x+\frac{1}{8}&\textrm{dan}&\color{red}-\displaystyle \frac{7}{8}\\ \textrm{b}.\quad 3x^{3}+3x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x+1&\textrm{dan}&-7\\ \textrm{c}.\quad x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-3x+\frac{1}{8}&\textrm{dan}&\displaystyle \frac{7}{8}\\ \textrm{d}.\quad x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x+1&\textrm{dan}&\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}\\ \textrm{e}.\quad 3x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x-\frac{1}{8}&\textrm{dan}&-\displaystyle \frac{7}{8} \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\begin{aligned}&\begin{array}{rr|rrrrrrr} \color{blue}x=\frac{1}{2}&&6&0&-3&1&-1\\ &&&3&\frac{3}{2}&-\frac{3}{4}&\frac{1}{8}&+&\\\hline &&6&3&-\frac{3}{2}&\frac{1}{4}&\color{red}\boxed{-\frac{7}{8}} \end{array}\\ &\textrm{Selanjutnya}\\ &\begin{cases} \textrm{Hasil bagi}: & \displaystyle \frac{6x^{3}+3x^{2}-\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}}{2}\\ &=\color{red}3x^{3}+\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}x^{2}-\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}x+\displaystyle \frac{1}{8} \\ & \\ \textrm{Sisa bagi}: & -\displaystyle \frac{7}{8} \end{cases} \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 5.&\textrm{Hasil bagi dan sisanya jika}\: \: \left (x^{4}-x^{3}-x^{2}+x-1 \right )\\ &\textrm{dibagi oleh}\: \: \left ( x-2 \right )\left ( x+1 \right )\: \: \textrm{adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.\quad \color{red}x^{2}+1&\textrm{dan}&\color{red}2x+1\\ \textrm{b}.\quad x^{2}+1&\textrm{dan}&2x-1\\ \textrm{c}.\quad x^{2}-1&\textrm{dan}&2x+1\\ \textrm{d}.\quad x^{2}-1&\textrm{dan}&2x-1\\ \textrm{e}.\quad 2x^{2}-1&\textrm{dan}&x+1\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\textrm{Dengan cara}\: \: \textbf{Horner-Kino}\: \: \textrm{diperoleh} \end{array}$

$.\qquad\begin{cases} \textrm{Suku banyak}: & f(x)=x^{4}-x^{3}-x^{2}+x-1 \\ \textrm{Pembagai}: & p(x)=(x-2)(x+1)=x^{2}-x-2 \\ &: 2\: \: \textrm{dari}\: -\frac{-2}{1},\: \: \textrm{sedang}\: \: 1=-\left ( \frac{-1}{1} \right )\\ \textrm{Hasil bagi}:&h(x)=x^{2}+1\\ \textrm{Sisa bagi}:&s(x)=2x+1 \end{cases}$

$\qquad\begin{aligned}&\textrm{Sehingga},\\ &x^{4}-x^{3}-x^{2}+x-1\\ &\qquad =\color{red}\left ( x^{2}-x-2 \right )\left ( x^{2}+1 \right )+2x+1 \end{aligned}$