Lanjutan Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel (Matematika Wajib Kelas X)

 $\color{blue}\textrm{2. Metode determinan Matriks}$

Perhatikan kemabil bentuk SPLDV dan SPLTV berikut:

$\color{blue}\begin{cases} a_{1}x+b_{1}y=c_{1} \\ a_{2}x+b_{2}y=c_{2} \end{cases}$ 

dan

$\color{blue}\begin{cases} a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z=d_{1}\\ a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z=d_{1} \\ a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z=d_{1} \end{cases}$

Metode determinat matriks adalah penyelesaian nilai tidap variabel dengan menggunakan determinan berikut:

Misalkan saja diberikan:

$\color{purple}\begin{aligned}&\color{blue}\begin{aligned}ax+by&=p\\ cx+dy&=q \end{aligned}\\\\ &\textrm{dan}\\\\ &\color{blue}\begin{aligned}ax+by+cz&=r\\ dx+ey+fz&=s\\ gx+hy+iz&=t \end{aligned}\\ \end{aligned}$

maka penyelesaian dengan model matriks adalah:

$\color{purple}\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline \textrm{Metode}&\textbf{SPLDV}&\textbf{SPLTV}\\\hline \textrm{Determinan}&\begin{aligned}x&=\displaystyle \frac{\begin{vmatrix} p & b\\ q & d \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} a & b\\ c & d \end{vmatrix}}\\ &\textrm{dan}\\ y&=\displaystyle \frac{\begin{vmatrix} a & p\\ c & q \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} a & b\\ c & d \end{vmatrix}}\\ &\\ &\\ &\\ &\\ &\\ &\\ &\\ &\\ & \end{aligned}&\begin{aligned}x&=\displaystyle \frac{\begin{vmatrix} r & b & c\\ s & e & f\\ t & h & i \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} a & b & c\\ d & e & f\\ g & h & i \end{vmatrix}}\\ &\textrm{dan}\\ y&=\displaystyle \frac{\begin{vmatrix} a & r & c\\ d & s & f\\ g & t & i \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} a & b & c\\ d & e & f\\ g & h & i \end{vmatrix}}\\ &\textrm{serta}\\ z&=\displaystyle \frac{\begin{vmatrix} a & b & r\\ d & e & s\\ g & h & t \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} a & b & c\\ d & e & f\\ g & h & i \end{vmatrix}} \end{aligned}\\\hline \end{array}$

Sebagai catatan:

$\color{purple}\begin{aligned}&\color{blue}\begin{vmatrix} a & b\\ c & d \end{vmatrix}=\color{black}ad-bc\\ &\textrm{dan}\\ &\color{blue}\begin{vmatrix} a & b & c\\ d & e & f\\ g & h & i \end{vmatrix}=\color{red}a\color{black}\begin{vmatrix} e & f\\ h & i \end{vmatrix}-\color{red}b\color{black}\begin{vmatrix} d & f\\ g & i \end{vmatrix}+\color{red}c\color{black}\begin{vmatrix} d & e\\ g & h \end{vmatrix} \end{aligned}$

$\LARGE\color{magenta}\fbox{CONTOH SOAL}$

Mari kita buka lagi contoh sebelumnya dengan soal yang sama di SINI

dan kearang penyelesaian dari soal tersebut akan diselesaikan dengan cara determinan matriks (cara Cramer sesuai nama penemunya) berikut:

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 1.&\textrm{Tentukanlah dengan metode matriks}\\ &\textrm{(cara Cramer) SPLDV berikut}:\\ &\begin{cases} 2x-y & =7 \\ x-y & =-1 \end{cases}\\\\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\color{black}\begin{aligned}\color{red}x&=\displaystyle \frac{\begin{vmatrix} 7 & -1\\ -1 & -1 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} 2 & -1\\ 1 & -1 \end{vmatrix}}=\frac{7(-1)-(-1).(-1)}{2.(-1)-(-1).1}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{-7-1}{-2+1}=\frac{-8}{-1}=8\\ \color{red}y&=\displaystyle \frac{\begin{vmatrix} 2 & 7\\ 1 & -1 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} 2 & -1\\ 1 & -1 \end{vmatrix}}=\frac{2(-1)-(7).1}{2.(-1)-(-1).1}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{-2-7}{-2+1}=\frac{-9}{-1}=9\\ \textrm{J}&\textrm{adi}\: \: \color{red}(x,y)=(8,9) \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 2.&\textrm{Tentukanlah dengan metode matriks}\\ &\textrm{(cara Cramer) SPLTV berikut}:\\ &\begin{cases} 2x-y+z & =-4 \\ 2x-y-2z & =-3\\ x+3y-z&=0 \end{cases}\\\\ &\color{blue}\textrm{Jawab}:\\ &\color{black}\begin{aligned}\color{red}x&=\displaystyle \frac{\begin{vmatrix} -4 & -1&1\\ -3 & -1&-2\\ 0&3&-1 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} 2 & -1&1\\ 2 & -1&-2\\ 1&3&-1 \end{vmatrix}}\\ \color{red}x&=\displaystyle \frac{-4\begin{vmatrix} -1&-2\\ 3&-1 \end{vmatrix}+1\begin{vmatrix} -3 & -2\\ 0 & -1 \end{vmatrix}+1\begin{vmatrix} -3 & -1\\ 0 & 3 \end{vmatrix}}{2\begin{vmatrix} -1 & -2\\ 3 & -1 \end{vmatrix}+1\begin{vmatrix} 2 & -2\\ 1 & -1 \end{vmatrix}+1\begin{vmatrix} 2 & -1\\ 1 & 3 \end{vmatrix}} \\ &=\displaystyle \frac{-4(1+6)+1(3-0)+1(-9-0)}{2(1+6)+1(-2+2)+1(6+1)}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{-28+3-9}{14+0+7}\\ &=\frac{-34}{21}\\ \color{red}y&=.... \\ \color{red}z&=....\\ \textrm{J}&\textrm{adi}\: \: \color{red}(x,y,y)=\left ( -\displaystyle \frac{34}{21},\frac{3}{7},-\frac{1}{3} \right ) \end{aligned} \end{array}$

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Johanes, Kastola & Sulasim. 2006. Kompetensi Matematika 3A SMA Kelas XII Semester Pertama. Jakarta: YUDHISTIRA