Latihan Soal 1 Persiapan PAS Gasal Matematika Wajib Kelas XI

 $\begin{array}{ll}\\ 1.&\textrm{Hasil dari}\: \: \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{6}16i\: \: \textrm{adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{llll}\\ \textrm{a}.&306\\ \textrm{b}.&314\\ \textrm{c}.&326\\ \color{red}\textrm{d}.&336\\ \textrm{e}.&402 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{d}\\ &\begin{aligned}\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{6}16i&=16.1+16.2+16.3+16.4+16.5+16.6\\ &=16+32+48+64+80+96\\ &=\color{red}336 \end{aligned}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 2.&\textrm{Hasil dari}\: \: \displaystyle \sum_{i=2}^{9}i^{2}\: \: \textrm{adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{llll}\\ \textrm{a}.&274\\ \textrm{b}.&278\\ \textrm{c}.&280\\ \color{red}\textrm{d}.&284\\ \textrm{e}.&286 \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{d}\\ &\begin{aligned}\displaystyle \sum_{i=2}^{9}i^{2}&=2^{2}+3^{2}+4^{2}+5^{2}+..+9^{2}\\ &=4+9+16+25+...+81\\ &=\color{red}284 \end{aligned}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 3.&\textrm{Poa bilangan}\: \: 12,14,16,18,20,...,(2n+10).\\ &\textrm{Nilai suku ke-100 adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.&180\\ \textrm{b}.&194\\ \textrm{c}.&198\\ \textrm{d}.&208\\ \color{red}\textrm{e}.&210\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{e}\\ &\begin{aligned}U_{n}&=2n+10\\ U_{100}&=2\times 100+10\\ &=210 \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 4.&\textrm{Diketahui bahwa jika}\\ & 31+39+47+\cdots +8n+23=4n^{2}+27n\\ & \textrm{dengan}\: \: k,n\in \mathbb{N}\: \: \textrm{maka}\\ & 31+39+47+\cdots +8n+23+8k+31=....\\ &\begin{array}{lllllll}\\ \textrm{a}.&4k^{2}+27k\\ \textrm{b}.&4k^{2}+35k\\ \color{red}\textrm{c}.&4k^{2}+35k+31\\ \textrm{d}.&4k^{2}+35k+1\\ \textrm{e}.&4k^{2}+35k+54\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{c}\\ &\begin{aligned}&\underset{4k^{2}+27k}{\underbrace{31+39+47+\cdots +8k+23}}+8k+31\\ &=4k^{2}+27k+8k+31\\ &=\color{red}4k^{2}+35k+31 \end{aligned} \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 5.&\textrm{Dengan Induksi Matematika untuk}\: \: n\in \mathbb{N}\\ &\textrm{dapat dibuktikan bahwa}\: \: n(n+1)(n+2)\\ &\textrm{akan habis dibagi oleh}\\ &\begin{array}{lllllll}\\ \textrm{a}.&4\\ \textrm{b}.&5\\ \color{red}\textrm{c}.&6\\ \textrm{d}.&7\\ \textrm{e}.&8\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{c}\\ &\begin{aligned}P(n)&=n(n+1)(n+2)\\ P(1)&=1(1+1)(1+2)=\color{red}1.2.3\\ &\color{purple}\textrm{adalah bilangan yang habis dibagi 6} \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 6.&\textrm{Dengan Induksi Matematika untuk}\: \: n\in \mathbb{N}\\ &\textrm{dapat dibuktikan juga bahwa}\: \: 7^{n}-2^{n}\\ &\textrm{akan habis dibagi oleh}\\ &\begin{array}{lllllll}\\ \textrm{a}.&2\\ \textrm{b}.&3\\ \textrm{c}.&4\\ \color{red}\textrm{d}.&5\\ \textrm{e}.&6\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{d}\\ &\begin{aligned}P(n)&=7^{n}-2^{n}\\ P(1)&=7^{1}-2^{1}\\ &=7-2=\color{red}5\\ &\textrm{adalah bilangan yang habis dibagi 5} \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 7.&\textrm{Diketahui bahwa}\: \: P(n)\: \: \textrm{rumus dari}\\ & 3+6+9+\cdots +3n=\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}n(n+1)\\ &\textrm{maka langkah pertama dengan induksi matematika}\\ &\textrm{dalam pembuktian rumus tersebut adalah}....\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.&P(n)\: \: \textrm{benar untuk}\: \: n=-1\\ \color{red}\textrm{b}.&P(n)\: \: \textrm{benar untuk}\: \: n=1\\ \textrm{c}.&P(n)\: \: \textrm{benar untuk}\: \: n\: \: \textrm{bilangan bulat}\\ \textrm{d}.&P(n)\: \: \textrm{benar untuk}\: \: n\: \: \textrm{bilangan rasional}\\ \textrm{d}.&P(n)\: \: \textrm{benar untuk}\: \: n\: \: \textrm{bilangan real} \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{b}\\ &\begin{aligned}\textrm{Langkah}&\: \textrm{awal yang harus ditunjukkan adalah}\\ n=1&\: \: \textrm{atau}\: \: P(1)\: \: \textrm{harus benar, yaitu}:\\ P(1)&=3.1(\textit{ruas kiri})=\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}.1.(1+1)(\textit{ruas kanan})=\color{red}3 \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 8.&\textrm{Bila kita hendak membuktikan}\: \: \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n}=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}n(n+1)\\ &\textrm{dengan induksi matematika}\\ &\textrm{maka untuk langkah}\: \: n=k+1\\ &\textrm{bentuk yang harus ditunjukkan adalah}...\\ &\begin{array}{lll}\\ \textrm{a}.&1+2+3+\cdots +n=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}n(n+1)\\ \textrm{b}.&1+2+3+\cdots +k=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}k(k+1)\\ \textrm{c}.&1+2+3+\cdots +k=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}k(k+2)\\ \color{red}\textrm{d}.&1+2+3+\cdots +k+(k+1)=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}(k+1)(k+2)\\ \textrm{e}.&1+2+3+\cdots +k+(k+1)=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}(k+2)(k+3)\\ \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{d}\\ &\begin{aligned}P(n)&=1+2+3+\cdots +n=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}n(n+1)\\ P(k)&=1+2+3+\cdots +k=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}k(k+1)\\ P(k+1)&=1+2+3+\cdots +k+(k+1)\\ &=\underset{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}k(k+1)}{\underbrace{1+2+3+\cdots +k}}+(k+1)\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}k(k+1)+(k+1)=(k+1)\left ( \displaystyle \frac{1}{2}k+1 \right )\\ &=(k+1)\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}(k+2)\\ &=\color{red}\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}(k+1)(k+2) \end{aligned} \end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 9.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: P(n)=\displaystyle \frac{n-1}{n+3},\: \textrm{maka}\: \: P(k+1)\\ & \textrm{dinyatakan dengan}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{llll}\\ \textrm{a}.&\displaystyle \frac{k-1}{k+3}\\ \textrm{b}.&\displaystyle \frac{k-1}{k+4}\\ \color{red}\textrm{c}.&\displaystyle \frac{k}{k+4}\\ \textrm{d}.&\displaystyle \frac{k+1}{k+4}\\ \textrm{e}.&\displaystyle \frac{k+1}{k+5} \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{c}\\ &\begin{aligned}P(n)=&\displaystyle \frac{n-1}{n+3}\\ P(k+1)&=\displaystyle \frac{k+1-1}{k+1+3}\\ &=\color{red}\displaystyle \frac{k}{k+4} \end{aligned}\end{array}$.

$\begin{array}{ll}\\ 10.&\textrm{Jika}\: \: P(n)=\displaystyle \frac{n^{2}+1}{4},\: \: \textrm{maka}\\ &\textrm{pernyataan untuk}\: \: P(k+1)\: \: \textrm{adalah}\: ....\\ &\begin{array}{llll}\\ \textrm{a}.&\displaystyle \frac{k^{2}+2k+1}{4}\\ \color{red}\textrm{b}.&\displaystyle \frac{k^{2}+2k+2}{4}\\ \textrm{c}.&\displaystyle \frac{k^{2}+2k+2}{5}\\ \textrm{d}.&\displaystyle \frac{k^{2}+2k+3}{5}\\ \textrm{e}.&\displaystyle \frac{k^{2}+2k+3}{4} \end{array}\\\\ &\textrm{Jawab}:\quad \color{red}\textbf{b}\\ &\begin{aligned}P(n)&=\displaystyle \frac{n^{2}+1}{4}\\ P(k+1)&=\displaystyle \frac{(k+1)^{2}+1}{4}\\ &=\color{red}\displaystyle \frac{k^{2}+2k+2}{4} \end{aligned} \end{array}$